egpfs; ehafk; (]y;) mth;fspd; nrhw;fs;> nray;fs;> mq;fPfhuq;fs; Mfpa %d;iwAk; `jP];fs; vd;ghh;fs;. `jP];fis mwptpf;ff;$ba mwptpg;ghsh;fspd; jFjp>  vz;zpf;if> mwptpg;ghsh;fspilNa njhlh;G Nghd;w jd;ikfspd; mbg;gilapy; `jP];fis mwpQh; ngUkf;fs; juk; gphpj;Js;sdh;. me;j tiffis mwpe;J itj;Jf; nfhz;lhNy `jP];fiyapy; ngUksT mwpe;J nfhz;ljhff; nfhs;syhk;.

ve;j tifahd `jP];fis Vw;fyhk;? vtw;iw Vw;ff; $lhJ vd;w mbg;gilapy; `jP];fis ehd;F Kf;fpa jiyg;Gfspy;  mlf;fyhk;.

1. ]`P`; ( Mjhug;G+h;tkhdit)

2. kt;@T (,l;Lf;fl;lg;gl;lJ)

3. kj;&f; (tplg;gLtjw;F Vw;wJ)

4. saPg; (gytPdkhdJ)

ve;j `jP]hf ,Ue;jhYk; ,e;j ehd;F tiff;Fs; mlq;fptpLk;. ]`P`; vd;w juj;jpy; cs;sij kl;LNk ehk; eilKiwg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. kw;w %d;W tiffspy; mike;j `jP];fis eilKiwg; gLj;jf;$lhJ.

ehd;F  tiffisAk; tphpthf ehk; mwpe;J  nfhs;Nthk;.

1. ]`P`; (Mjhug;G+h;tkhdit)

egpfs; ehafk; (]y;)  mth;fs; gw;wp xU nra;jpia mwptpf;Fk;NghJ ,d;W ehk; mwptpg;ghsh;fspd; thpirAld; $Wtjpy;iy. E}y;tbtpy;  njhFj;J  ghJfhf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhy; mJ NjitAkpy;iy. Mdhy; E}y; tbtpy; njhFf;Fk; gzp ele;J nfhz;bUe;j ,uz;lhtJ> %d;whtJ E}w;whz;Lfspy; egpfs; ehafk; (]y;)  mth;fs; njhlh;ghd xU nra;jpiaf; $Wtnjd;why; jdf;Fj; $wpath; ahh;?  vd;gijAk; Nrh;j;Jf; $wpdhy; jhd; `jP];fiy mwpQh;fs; mijj; jkJ E}w;fspy; gjpT nra;thh;fs;.

jkf;F mwptpj;jth; ahh;? vd;gij kl;Lk; $wpdhy; NghjhJ. khwhf jkf;F mwptpj;jth; ahhplk; Nfl;lhh;? mth; ahhplk; ,r;nra;jpiaf; Nfl;lhh;? vd;W rq;fpypj; njhluhff; $wpf; nfhz;Nl egpfs; ehafk; tiu nry;y Ntz;Lk;. mg;gb ,Ue;jhy; jhd; mij `jP]; vd;W xg;Gf;nfhs;thh;fs;. vy;yh `jP]; E}w;fSk; ,e;j tifspy; jhd; njhFf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

jkpohf;f `jP];fspy; rq;fpypj; njhluhd mwptpg;ghsh;fisf; Fwpg;gpltpy;iy. khwhf egpfs; ehafj;Jld; Neubahfj;  njhlh;G nfhz;bUe;j  egpj;Njhoiu kl;LNk mwptpg;ghsh; vdf; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;. Mdhy; muG %yj;jpy; xt;nthU `jP]{k; rq;fpypj; njhluhd mwptpg;ghsh; gl;baYld; jhd; gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

cjhuzkhf jph;kpjPapy; ,lk; ngw;w Kjy; `jPi] vLj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;.

'J}a;ikapd;wp ve;jj; njhOifAk;> Nkhrbg; nghUl;fspypUe;J ve;jj; jh;kKk; ,iwtdhy; Vw;fg;glhJ" vd;gJ KjyhtJ `jP];.

egpfs; ehafk; (]y;) mth;fs; ,ijf; $wpajhf mwptpf;Fk; Kjy; mwptpg;ghsh; ,g;D ckh; (uyp) vd;w egpj;Njhoh;. ,th; egpfs; ehafk; (]y;) mth;fsplk;  Neubahff; Nfl;L mwptpf;fpwhh;.

,e;j nra;jpia ,g;D ckh; (uyp) ahhplj;jpy; $wpdhh;? mthplk; Neubahff; Nfl;lth; ahh;? K];mg; gpd; ]/J vd;ghh; jhd; ,ijf; Nfl;lth;. 

mthplkpUe;J Nfl;lth; ]pkhf; vd;ghh;.

]pkhf; vd;ghhplkpUe;J Neubahff; Nfl;lth;fs; ,Uth;. mth;fs; 1. ,];uhaPy;> 2. mG+ mthdh MfpNahh; Mth;.  ,th;fsplkpUe;J ,khk; jph;kpjP  vg;gb mwpe;jhh; vd;gij fPo;fz;l tiuglk; %yk; tpsq;fyhk;.

egpfs; ehafk;
|
,g;D ckh;
|
K];mg; gpd; ]/J  
|
]pkhf; gpd; `h;G  
|
--------------------------------
|                                                       |
mG+ mthdh                 ,];uhaPy;
|                                                        |
Fijgh                     tfPT
|                                                        |
           |                                                    `d;dhj;
----------------------------------
|
jph;kpjP

Nkw;fz;l ,Utopfspy; ,e;j `jP]; jph;kpjP ,khKf;F fpilj;Js;sJ.

,t;tsT tpguq;fisAk; Kjy; `jP]py; $Wfpwhh;. ,g;gb xt;nthU `jP]{f;Fk; mwptpg;ghsh;fspd; rq;fpypj; njhliu mth; $Wfpwhh;.

·        ,e;j nra;jp ,khk; jph;kpjPf;F vth;fs; topahff; fpilj;jNjh mth;fs; midtUk; ek;gfkhdth;fshf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

·        mth;fs; midtUk; cWjpahd epidthw;wy; cs;sth;fshf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

·        mth;fs; midtuJ Neh;ikAk; re;Njfpf;fg;glhky; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

·        mth;fs; xt;nthUtUk; jhk; ahh; topahf mwptpf;fpwhNuh mth;fsplkpUe;J Neubahff; Nfl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

,e;j jd;ikfs; xUq;Nf mikag; ngw;wpUe;jhy; jhd; mij Mjhug;G+h;tkhd -]`P`hd - `jP];fs; vd;gh;. mj;Jld; `jP]pd; fUj;J jpUf;Fh;MDld;  Neubahf NkhJk; tifapy; ,Uf;ff; $lhJ.

]`P`hd - Mjhug;G+h;tkhd `jP];fs; vd;why; mjd;gb mky; nra;tJ mtrpak; vd;gjpy; mwpQh;fSf;fpilNa ve;jf; fUj;J NtWghLk; ,y;iy.

2. kt;@T (,l;Lf;fl;lg;gl;lJ)

Vw;fg;glhj `jP];fspd; thpirapy; Kjyplj;jpy; ,Ug;gJ 'kt;@T" tif `jP];fshFk;. 'kt;@T" vd;why; ,l;Lf;fl;lg;gl;lJ vd;gJ nghUs;. egpfs; ehafk; (]y;) mth;fs; $whj - nra;ahj - mq;fPfhpf;fhjtw;iw mth;fs; ngauhy; $WtJ ,l;Lf;fl;lg;gl;lJ vdg;gLk;.

v     jpUf;Fh;MDf;Fk;> epUgpf;fg;gl;l Mjhug;G+h;tkhd `jP];fSf;Fk; Neh;KuzhfTk; - ve;j tifapYk; tpsf;fk; nfhLf;f Kbahjitfshf mike;jit. 

v     Gj;jpapy;yhjtd; cswYf;F epfuhf mike;jit.

v     mwptpg;ghsh;fspy; xUtNuh gyNuh ngUk; ngha;ah; vd;W ep&gpf;fg;gl;bUg;gJ.

v     ,l;Lf;fl;bath;fs; gpw;fhyj;jpy; jpUe;j jhk; ,l;Lf;fl;baij xg;Gf; nfhs;Sjy; my;yJ trkhf khl;bf; nfhs;Sk; NghJ xg;Gf; nfhs;Sjy;.

,e;j mk;rq;fspy; xd;W ,Ue;jhy; $l mJ ,l;Lf;fl;lg;gl;l nra;jpahFk;. mij Vw;ff; $lhJ. mjdbg;gilapy; mky; nra;af; $lhJ.  ,jpy; mwpQh;fSf;fpilNa ve;j tpjkhd fUj;J NtWghLk; ,y;iy.

,l;Lf;fl;lg;gl;l `jP];fisg; gw;wp ,e;j tpguk; NghJnkd;whYk; ,jpy; mjpf tpopg;Gzh;T ekf;F mtrpak; Njit vd;gjhy; ,J Fwpj;J ,d;Dk; rpy tpguq;fisAk; mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;. Kjypy; ,l;Lf;fl;lg;gl;l `jP];fs; Vd;? vg;gb?  ,e;jr; rKjhaj;jpy; Eioe;jd? vd;gij mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;.

m) ,];yhj;jpd; tsh;r;rpiaj; jLj;jy;

egpfs; ehafk; (]y;) fhyj;Jf;Fg; gpd; ,];yhk; gLNtfkhfg; gutp te;jJ. ,e;j tsh;r;rp kjq;fspd; ngauhy; tapW tsh;j;J te;jth;fSf;Fg; ngUk; mjph;r;rpia mspj;jJ. jq;fs; kjk; fhzhky; Ngha;tpLNkh jq;fs; jiyik gwpNgha;tpLNkh> tUkhdk; jilgl;LtpLNkh vd;nwy;yhk; ftiyg;gl;l ,th;fs; ,];yhj;jpd; tsh;r;rpiaj; jLf;fj; jpl;lkpl;ldh;. ,];yhj;jpd; ngUtsh;r;rpf;F mjd; mh;j;jKs;s nfhs;iffSk; vy;yh tifapYk; mJ jdpj;J tpsq;fpaJk; jhd; fhuzk; vd;gijf; fz;Lgpbj;jhh;fs;. ,];yhj;jpYk; mh;j;jkw;w cswy;fs; kype;J fplg;gjhff; fhl;btpl;lhy; ,];yhj;jpd; tsh;r;rpia ngUksT kl;Lg;gLj;jyhk; vd;W fzf;Fg; Nghl;lhh;fs;.

jpUf;Fh;Mdpy; jq;fs; ifthpiriaf; fhl;l KbahJ vd;gjhy; egpfs; ehafk; (]y;)  mth;fspd; ngaiug; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhh;fs;. ek;g Kbahj cswy;fisAk;> egpfs; ehafk; (]y;) $wpajhfg; gug;gyhdhh;fs;.

,tw;iwnay;yhk; Nfl;gtUf;F egpfs; ehafk; (]y;) mth;fs; kPJk; mth;fs; nfhz;L te;j khh;f;fj;jpd; kPJk; re;Njfk; Vw;glhky; ,Uf;f KbahJ. ,th;fs; ,l;Lf;fl;ba ngha;ahd `jP];fspy; rpytw;iwg; ghUq;fs;!

q       ahNuDk; yhapyh` ,y;yy;yh`; vdf; $Wthuhdhy; me;j thh;j;ijapypUe;J my;yh`; xU gwitiag; gilg;ghd;. mg;gwitf;F vOgjpdhapuk; ehf;Ffs; ,Uf;Fk;. xt;nthU ehf;Fk; vOgjdhapuk; ghi\fisg; NgRk;.

q       fj;jphpf;fha; rhg;gpLtJ vy;yh Neha;fSf;Fk; kUe;jhFk;.

q       gUg;ig cztpy; Nrh;j;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. mJ ,jaj;ij nkd;ikahf;Fk;.

q       ney;> xU kdpjdhf ,Ue;jhy; mJ kpfTk; rfpg;Gj;jd;ikAilajhf ,Ue;jpUf;Fk;.

q       cq;fs; cztpy; fPiufisr; Nrh;j;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;!  Vnddpy; mJ i\j;jhid tpul;babf;Fk;.

q       Mfhaj;jpy; cs;s ghy; ntsp> mh;\pd; fPo; ,Uf;Fk; ghk;gpd; tpah;itapdhy; gilf;fg;gl;lJ.

q       #hpa ntspr;rj;jpy; #lhf;fg;gl;l jz;zPhpy; Fspf;fhNj!  mJ ntz;F\;lj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;.

q       jh;kk; nra;a VJk; fpilf;fhtpl;lhy; A+jh;fisAk; fpwp];Jth;fisAk; rgpAq;fs;! mJ jh;kk; nra;jjw;F epfuhf mikAk;.

q       gRikahd nghUl;fs;> XLfpd;w jz;zPh;> mofpa Kfk; Mfpatw;iw ghh;g;gJ ghh;f;Fk; jpwid mjpfhpf;Fk;.

q       mofhd Kfj;ij ghh;g;gJ xU tzf;fkhFk;.

q       fz;fs; ePyepwkhf ,Ug;gJ xU ghf;fpakhFk;.

q       kPd; rhg;gpLtJ cliyg; gytPdg;gLj;Jk;.

q       rhf;filapy; tpOe;j xU fts czit ahNuDk; fOtpr; rhg;gpl;lhy; mtuJ ghtq;fs; kd;dpf;fg;gLk;.

q       Kl;ilAk; G+z;Lk; rhg;gpl;lhy; mjpfkhd re;jjpfs; ngw KbAk;.

q       ngz;fsplk; MNyhriz NfSq;fs;! Mdhy; mjw;F khw;wkhf elq;fs;.

q       Nfhopfs; vd; rKjhaj;jpd; ViofSf;F MLfshFk;.

q       160 Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpwF Foe;ijfisg; ngw;W tsh;g;gij tpl  ehia tsh;g;gJ NkyhFk;

q       M\{uh ehspy; my;yh`; thdq;fisAk; G+kpiaAk; gilj;jhd;.

,g;gb Vuhskhd ngha;fis egpfs; ehafj;jpd; ngauhy; ,l;Lf;fl;bdhh;fs;. eil Kiwapy; ,it ahTk; ngha; vd;gJ jpl;ltl;lkhfj; njhpfpwJ. fj;jphpf;fha; midj;J Neha;f;Fk; kUe;jhf ,y;iy. kPd; rhg;gpLtJ cliyg; gytPdg;gLj;JtJk; ,y;iy. gUg;G rhg;gpLtjw;Fk; ,jak; ,sFtjw;F ve;jr; rk;ge;jKk; ,y;iy. (gUg;G rhg;gpLk; $l;lk; jhd; gs;spthriy ,bj;jdh;) fPiuf;Fk; i\j;jhDf;Fk; ve;j njhlh;Gk;  fpilahJ. mh;\{f;F fPNo ghk;Gk; fpilahJ. mjpypUe;J ghy;ntsp gilf;fg;glTk; ,y;iy. #hpa ntspr;rj;jpy; #lhf;fg;gl;l rpwpa Fsk; Fl;ilfspy; ,yl;rf;fzf;fhd kf;fs; Fspj;Jk; ahUf;Fk; F\;lk; tutpy;iy. XLfpd;w jz;zPUf;Fg; gf;fj;jpy; trpg;gth;fSk;> Cl;bapy; gRikahd ,lq;fis md;whlk; ghh;gth;fSk;> mofhd Kfk; gilj;j kidtpia ngw;wth;fSk; ghh;itf; FiwTf;F MshFfpd;wdh;.

ePy epwf;fz;fs; gilj;jth;fs; jhpj;jpuk; gpbj;jth;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghh;fs;. ,uT> gfy;> Vw;gl;l gpd;jhd; M\{uh ehNsh NtW ehNsh Vw;gLk;. mjw;F Kd;dhf M\{uh ehSk; NtW ve;j ehSk; ,Ue;jpUf;f KbahJ.

,tw;iwg; ghh;f;Fk;NghJ ,t;thW $wpath; rpe;jid njsptpy;yhjtuhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zk; Vw;gLk;.  mth; nfhz;L te;j khh;f;fj;jpd; kPJk; re;Njfk; Vw;gLk; vd;w Nehf;fj;jpy; jhd; Nkw;fz;l nra;jpfs; Gidag;gl;ld.